January 2011 - Attendance ... the boundaries of science fiction, half between parallel universes and invasion of body snatchers. If references are deliberately discounted the reading of the report of Luiss Villa does not fail to stir up some excitement, while maintaining technical tone, as per protocol.
The story, recall, goes back some time ago, on November 27, 2010 , to be precise, when he photographed strange Gaén melgasc on jellies.
(photo: Gaetano Nava, 27 November 2010) The light was that it was: the image will suffer.
in terms of our skills in photography are indisputable and undisputed, the mycological knowledge in the field are less well established. It matters little: as needed, provide two Luigi.
About a month for a response corresponds to the normal time frame, not being Luiss superspecialists Villa on the group of fungi in question.
To remove any tension from the start, the Villa provides us with the response at the beginning of his paper, reserving the moments of thrill to the following paragraphs. Let the word to fungiatt:
(photo: Luigi Villa)
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The fungus was also photographed by Game I classified as Fusarium graminearum anamorphic form, con riproduzione a conidi, corrispondente a Gibberella zeae , ascomicete nella fase a riproduzione sessuata; per i non micologi chiarisco che “l’individuo” è unico ma classificato in due modi distinti per la due fasi vitali che si presentano con un marcato dimorfismo fino a pochi decenni fa sconosciuto.
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L'immagine, scattata al microscopio da Luigi Villa, mostra i conidi del
Fusarium graminearum .
In pratica, la creatura ha doppia identità, come da romanzi e lungometraggi del genere sopra mentioned. The two identities correspond to the two life stages, one characterized by reproduction through spores (conidia), and another meeting between two sex cells. Luigi V. and Louis D. Correct me if I'm wrong, the two phases are alternated. To make this stuff with tales of Dick, Asimov and companionship you add the "marked dimorphism" described by Louis V.; translated: The two forms are very different between them. In short, the mushrooms they know more of the devil, but they know more of the mushroom fungus.
Getting the determination was adventurous. Still leave the floor to Luiss Villa:
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I arrived at this classification after extensive adventures. I first concerned Losi Cristiano di Venezia, one of the greatest scholars of Italian corticiacee, sending them a piece of dried getting the response: imperfect fungus, not my relevance. On the track of this answer I started to mull over my knowledge of the world of "mold" reminding me of 4 articles in the Journal of Mycology (1993 to 1996) dealing (in a nutshell, because it is over one hundred thousand species!) 'S argument, first result: Fusarium, which causes many diseases in agriculture, the second stage: consultation of my books to study the ecology of fungal diseases Phytopathology and actions.
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Here we go beyond science fiction, thinking about the fact that the envelope of Louis V. has arrived - and in reasonable time - at your destination. Experience (in) direct packages, and jobs, lost confirm the well-known adage that makes reality than fantasy.
not over. Still Luigi V.:
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In my first remarks to the biological microscope I had tracked down only conidia of anamorphosis; in an attempt to observe pycnidia, asci and spores have subsequently expanded the scope of the black zone "dusty" in close contact with the perimeter of the Mushroom photographed, with the result that we summarize: no asci and spores of Gibberella zeae in return, I met another filamentous fungus of the genus Monilia (etymology: from jewelry, to a pearl necklace conformation hyphal) macroconidia with a "pineapple bomb" in American memory.
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Above a picture of Luigi Villa: shows the sample
Monilia at 400 magnification.
Do not miss the final annotations. Still
Louis V.:
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I then attached to the web, a continuous series of laps I almost messed up the assignment (a lots of synonyms!), on the other hand broaden my knowledge of the fungus in question. Also in the series "for the curious" forwarded a brief summary of the importance (in a negative sense) of our fungus:
"" The Fusarium graminearum has major economic impact on agriculture. The production losses were assessed up to 50% of the contaminated crops. The damage United States has been reviewed for more than $ 1 billion in 1993 and $ 500 million in 1994 (Gilchrist and Dubin, 2002).
addition to the economic damage anamorph injury to animals that eat contaminated cereals and all ' man, one of which is microbial keratitis, corneal infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi (Fusarium) and protozoa transmitted, probably from the American company Bausch & Lomb solution. The
Fusarium is a filamentous fungus with a high genotypic variability (
8), found in soil, plants and wetlands. Is the leading cause of blindness in developing countries. Early symptoms of keratitis Fusarium infection are: redness, tearing and eye pain, increased light sensitivity, discharge of pus, decreased vision. More specific signs are as follows: corneal infiltrates and ulcers of the cornea. Fusarium keratitis is notoriously difficult to deal with both topical and systemic antifungal agents. Most patients with this infection should undergo a cornea transplant. "
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http://www.farmacovigilanza.org/cosmetovigilanza/news/0702-04.asp The site is the source of the third paragraph. For other two sides have not been able to trace the sources, I ask Louise to give me some reference. He puts a hand
also Louis D.
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... from Agriculture. Org (for the sake of information) add this:
"" "Eyespot. For Eyespot is defined as a pathological condition that occurs on the basal part of culm and roots of wheat and is caused by several possible agents patogeni.I best known are: - Ophiobolus graminis, very frequent in Italy in the wheat-growing areas and only rarely in those of durum wheat - Cercosporella herpotricoides whose attacks weakens the straw and then allurements to provoke carpet, it is very common and feared in the cereal fresh and moist areas of central and northern Europe, while in Italy is found only in exceptionally rainy years - Mushrooms of the gen. Fusarium (F. nivale, F. culmorum, F. graminearum) are the most important and common agents of the foot is sore in central and northern wheat is in the southern wheat duro.Il the most obvious symptom is the 'browning of the basal part of culm accompanied by alterations of the roots. In consequence of this is stopping the development of the culms of tillering and thus reducing the number of spikes per m2, and if the affected culms come to form the ear, dry up early, bleached, and the ear remains empty grains or small grains and striminziti.Il Eyespot is favored by the following predisposing factors: - Stagnation of water: it is often found with varying intensity in different points from the same field - Sowing too Early - Poor nutritional status: a good nitrogen fertilization is a powerful means of prevention - A cereal as previous crop, the most important negative effect of thank, that the monoculture of wheat, is the intensification of attacks Eyespot; - Presence of the straw in the superficie.Contro Eyespot there are no effective treatments or resistant varieties. Therefore, this disease can be prevented only by means agronomic that reduce the underlying causes: the burial of cereal straw previous arrangement of land to ensure adequate drainage of water; plenty of nitrogen fertilization, crop rotation with crops other than cereals; delayed sowing in soils at risk. "" "
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Remembering that this is a blog service, attentive to the health of its readers, I report some conclusions of Louis V.:
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After this tragic news to the latest microscopic observations I made with the mask for nose and mouth dried and stored in a sealed bag: no si sa mai!
Arrivato a questo punto ho chiuso la ricerca! Gaetano, la prossima volta che trovi schifezze del genere sei pregato di …far finta di niente!!!!
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alla prossima
Matteo Barattieri
